Abstract:
Deportation of foreign nationals is an administrative action taken by the receiving country as part of immigration
law enforcement based on the principle of state sovereignty. In practice, deported Indonesian citizens (WNI) often
apply for protection to Indonesian consular representatives abroad. This situation has given rise to debate regarding
the extent of the obligations of the country of origin to provide consular protection, especially when the deportation
decision has been made by the receiving country's authorities. This study aims to analyze the obligations and limits
of state consular protection for deported Indonesian citizens based on the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations, as well as to examine the challenges and practices of Indonesian consular protection. This study uses a
normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that
consular protection is an international legal obligation of the country of origin, but is limited and cannot intervene
in the receiving country's authority to impose deportation. The consular role focuses more on consular access,
assistance, information provision, and administrative and humanitarian facilitation. This study concludes that
strengthening legal education and public understanding of consular functions is a preventive measure to minimize
immigration violations and erroneous expectations regarding the state's role in the deportation process.
