Abstract:
Land acquisition for national infrastructure development is a critical process that
supports economic growth and equitable development. However, this process often presents
challenges, particularly conflicts between the government and landowners. This study aims to
analyze the legal framework governing land acquisition agreements, the rights of both
landowners and the government, and dispute resolution mechanisms under civil law. Using a
normative research method, the study examines various legal regulations, including Law
Number 2 of 2012 on Land Procurement for Public Interest Development and the Indonesian
Civil Code (KUHPerdata).The findings reveal that land acquisition is regulated based on the
principles of fairness, transparency, legal certainty, and balance. Landowners have rights to
fair compensation and certainty in the process, while the government has the right to access
land for public interest while adhering to legal procedures. In the event of disputes, several
resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and
litigation can be employed to achieve a fair outcome for both parties. This study highlights
the importance of clear regulations and consistent implementation to harmonize the need for
development with the protection of community rights.
