Abstract:
Solar Power Plants (PLTS) represent one of the most environmentally friendly and 
sustainable renewable energy solutions, offering significant potential to support the 
transition toward national energy independence. However, their utilization faces 
several challenges, including fluctuations in solar radiation intensity, limitations in 
energy storage capacity, and the need for accurate monitoring systems to ensure 
optimal efficiency. This study aims to design and implement an Android-based 
monitoring system for energy storage and distribution in PLTS, supported by 
Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system was developed using a 10 Wp solar 
panel, a 12 V battery, an MPPT solar charge controller, a voltage sensor, an 
INA219 current sensor, and an ESP32 microcontroller connected to an Android 
application via Wi-Fi. The research employed an experimental method by 
comparing sensor measurement results with standard measuring instruments such 
as a multimeter and clamp meter. Monitoring tests were conducted under various 
weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, overcast, rainy) to evaluate their effects on 
battery storage performance and load distribution. The experimental results 
showed that the average measurement error was below 2%, demonstrating high 
accuracy. The Android application successfully displayed voltage, current, power, 
and battery capacity in real-time, allowing users to easily monitor and manage 
system performance.This study confirms that IoT integration in PLTS not only 
improves monitoring effectiveness and system reliability but also contributes to 
enhancing energy efficiency, extending device lifespan, and strengthening energy 
security based on renewable resources in Indonesia.